Language teaching methods teachers handbook for the video series by diane larsenfreeman office of english language programs materials branch united states department of state washington, d. May, 2012 the use of two or more methods or approaches iswhat is referred to as eclecticism. There are four main learning categories for language education. Here is an example of a multipledomain health education learning. Abstract materials are important resources for teachers in assisting pupils to learn english. It has been thought variously as a system, as a skill and as a means of communication. Language teaching strategies and techniques used to. Modern approaches and methods in teaching english language kamalja mahesh deelip khatik salman faruk hitesh tarachand gadilohar ses r. Orientation to introduce and motivate the class you might.
Teaching english as a foreign language research papers. Pdf on may 22, 2014, mahesh kamalja and others published modern approaches and methods in teaching english language find, read. Pdf modern approaches and methods in teaching english. As english teachers, were almost always on the lookout for new and interesting ways to stimulate our language learners. The objectives and aims of teaching english in india should be well understood by the teachers and the learners, only then real teaching and learning of english will be possible. Hence the english language teaching situation during preindependence period can be summed up as follows.
The lighter side of tefl, volume 2, is a teachers resource book of fun activities for students of english as a foreign language. English language teaching methods approaches certificate of teaching english as a second language module title. View teaching english as a foreign language research papers on academia. A principlesbased approach for english language teaching. Yuniar diyanti english education department yogyakarta state university. Introduction language has been viewed differently at different times by linguists and applied linguists. If language teachers teach as they taught earlier, then one may not achieve the required goals of teaching english in the. Elc has been using the most uptodate english teaching methods and providing high quality english courses since 1978. American english for english language teachers around. The direct method was the outcome of the reaction against the grammar translation method. A brief history of english language teaching in india.
Language education the process and practice of teaching a second or foreign language is primarily a branch of applied linguistics, but can be an interdisciplinary field. The direct method of teaching was developed as a response to the grammartranslation method. The new teacher center ntc was established in 1988 at the university of california at santa cruz, with the goal of supporting new k 12 teachers and administrators during their first two years in the profession. The third and modern stage is from the beginning of the 20th c to the present age. Eclectic method is a popular method these days because students are heterogeneous and versatile level intelligent. The first phase is from the beginning of the 15c to the end of 18th c. May 30, 2018 i am loathed to complicate matters, however, i believe i must in order to bring clarity to this posting. It is the students job to repeat as accurately as they can the teacher s model. Our approach to english language learning utilizes the communicative english teaching method, a way of teaching that employs a number of holistic techniques to english grammar, english vocabulary, spoken english, english listening, and english.
Does the teachers manual provide activities for all learners. The target language is the language of the classroom. No matter whatever the age and the cultural background of the students, teaching methods become crucial to make the learning of the lesson fruitful. Linguistics language teaching methodology and second language acquisition j.
The aim of teaching english in india is to help students to acquire practical command of english. Methodology the study of pedagogical practices in general including theoretical underpinnings and related research. Nevertheless, it is clear that the books authors were fully engaged with the diversity of english language use and. Pdf in the field of english language teaching there have been arguments and counter arguments about the role of various methods.
Teaching english courses from top universities and industry leaders. The communicative language teaching clt method was found to be the most preferred method of teaching english language among the teachers, whereas the situational language teaching slt was the. There was an emphatic on the formal grammar of written english. Effective methods of teaching english as a second language in the. It is an instrument, a means for acquiring knowledge. Six key strategies for teachers of english language learners the new teacher center ntc was established in 1988 at the university of california at santa cruz, with the goal of supporting new k12 teachers and administrators during their first two years in the profession. All teaching is done in the target language, grammar is taught inductively, there is a focus on speaking and listening, and only useful everyday language is taught. Krashen who gave us his affective filter hypothesis of second or foreign language acquisition. We have hundreds of highquality resources to help you in the classroom as well as articles, videos, publications and courses to help you with your continuing professional. There are many methods of teaching english out of which eclectic way of teaching include positive objectives of known methods and principles of eclectic method. Suggested methods in teaching through total physical response i. They also take help from the context to understand and use language. Language teaching methods a guide to learning english.
Teaching language literacy and content within this assignment, you will provide an original lesson plan that focuses on literacy development of your ells. The grammar translation method, the direct method, audiolingual method, bilingual method, dr. Medved krajnovic encyclopedia of life support systems eolss to train the mind of the student. The use of grammar translation method in teaching english. An analysis of language teaching approaches and methods. In broader view, materials can be defined as anything. Thus, any attempt to understand effective language teaching must consider the issue of effective language learning. Sometimes more than one technique is combined to make an esl classroom meaningful.
Pdf methods of teaching english as a foreign language. Teaching english has become nowadays a real challenge because we live in a fastmoving society and young people, who can easily access all types of information, are no longer willing to attend classes where the information is presented as a lecture. The following articles are suitable for teachers and students on tefl certificate or diploma courses or on tefl applied linguistics related ma or mba degree courses. Language teaching approaches and methods have cast light on the language teaching theory and practice. Listed below are brief summaries of some of the more popular second language teaching methods of the last half century. Six key strategies for teachers of englishlanguage learners. This study aims to describe the patterns of grammar translation method gtm and to know the reasons why the teachers used the method. Your choice of teaching method depends on what fits you your educational philosophy, classroom demographic, subject areas and school mission statement. The fl was hardly ever used in class and no language communication skills were developed. To create a resource bank of language teaching strategies, ideas and techniques for teachers to use when implementing units of inquiry. The communicative language teaching means little more than an integration of grammatical and functional teaching. An analysis of language teaching approaches and methods effectiveness and weakness liu qingxue, shi jinfang foreign language school, east china jiaotong university, nanchang jiangxi 3300,china abstract. If you want help planning your lessons, youve come to the right place.
The grammar translation method, the direct method, audio. Natural approach instructors 1 create activities designed to teach students to recognize the meaning in words used in meaningful contexts, and. English was dominating the school stage and even at the collegiate level. Pba builds on the current work on language policy and practice, but instead of providing a set of standards, it identifies a set of principles that can help policymakers in diverse contexts develop locally appropriate language policies and practices. Researches of methods of teaching have shown, that all named problems will effectively solved, if we apply elaborations of various innovators for amplification of a traditional technique of teaching that can increase essentially quality of teaching foreign in particular english language. It is not the medium of instruction for a majority of the students. The book was designed to be suitable for teachers at various levels of language proficiency. Teaching english language methods and approaches contents 1 language education 1 1. They reflect the beginnings of the discipline of applied linguistics that branch of language study concerned with the scientific study of second and foreign language teaching and learning. A historical overview key issues historical overview of methods and approaches to teaching english as a foreignsecond language the grammartranslation method the direct method the audiolingual method suggestopedia the silent way total physical response the natural approach the communicative approach. A method, on the other hand, is a set of procedures, i. Pdf teaching english language methods and approaches.
Michael wests the new method, and suggestopedia etc. Ma, pgdte, phd, retired principal of government degree college. Teachingenglish is brought to you by the british council, the worlds english teaching experts. Discuss analyses the objectives of teaching english at a second language. Patel institute of pharmaceutical education and research. Creative methods of teaching english teaching english. Explore our engaging and free materials, including lesson plans, stories, music, games, and more. For a more detailed analysis of the different methods, see approaches and methods in language teaching richards, j.
Indian people consider english as a second language. One of the alm teacher s major roles is that of a model of the tar get language. Teaching english has become nowadays a real challenge because we live in a fastmoving society and young people, who can easily access all types of. Giving instructions exclusively in the target language. In order to acquire linguistic skills as well as develop esp material and use different. The focus of this lesson plan is to facilitate comprehension and learning for mainstream students as well as students with varying english language proficiency and backgrounds. At the same time, it serves to define almost everything that makes a person unique. Language teaching strategies and techniques used to support. Methods of teaching english have developed rapidly, especially in the previous 40 years.
Teaching in all cases concerns itself with androgogy or pedagogy. This history has been formulated mainly in terms of diverse teaching methods, each of which has attempted to find more effective and efficient. Steven mcdonough abstract this paper discusses three general issues arising out of the local problems of incorporating research methods training in a particular syllabus with a fair amount, but not entirety, of choice of modules by the students electing a particular course title. Class discussion conducted by teacher and what else. Language improvement for english teachers this book was produced following the hornby workshop on language improvement for teachers in senegal in 2009. In todays teaching climate, its easy to forget the importance of oral language, or speaking and listening skills. Grammar translation method dominated foreign language teaching for over a century 1840. At higher levels of proficiency, language use is about more than just getting things done. Learn teaching english online with courses like arizona state university tesol and teach english now. Abstract english is a widely spoken language today. If language teachers teach as they taught earlier, then one may not achieve the required goals of teaching english in the present global scenario.
English as an international language this concise volume from 1978 is preworld englishes and before the acceptance of kachrus model of the inner, outer and expanding circles of english language use. The teaching of english was largely pedantic, dull and largely wasteful. The stu dents just listened to the teacher at first. Methods and approaches of english language teaching. Materials for teachers of english as a second or foreign language. According to title ii of the workforce innovation and opportunity act wioa, the term english language learner means and adult that has limited ability in reading, writing, speaking, or comprehending the english language, and. The oral approach is a method in which children to use whatever hearing they get from their surroundings.
Pdf the best method to teach english language researchgate. Goals of language teaching can be divided into external goals that relate to actual second language l2 use outside the classroom and internal goals that relate to the educational aims of the classroom itself. The purpose of teaching english is to encourage the students. The direct method of teaching english is one the most widely known methods. English language teaching elt policies and practices. It allows people to communicate across time and distance. If there are pdf versions available for the textbooks or materials youre using, this could allow you to simplify students lives while being.
Language and linguistic analysis can also be employed to access literature from the learner. Problembased learning in the english language classroom. Do you bring to teaching english an understanding of any other languages. The teaching materials which form the basis for these six unrehearsed classroom lessons were created by prof. Previous trends in teaching the english language, particularly to second or foreign language learners, have included grammartranslation method, the audiolingual approach, communicative language teaching and. It sought to immerse the learner in the same way as when a first language is learnt. It substituted language contact for grammar recitation and language. A history of english language teaching second edition. Practical english language teaching a course in english language teaching by david nunan the practice of english language teaching 3rd edition longman handbooks for language teachers english language teaching teaching english as a second or foreign language 4th pdf the practice of english language teaching. Doc methods and strategies in teaching english as a. Apr 03, 2012 therefore, it can be said that any method that works is good.
Apart from this, another important thing is that the objectives of teaching language should be clear to us. Some of the characteristic of the implementation of this method was. Section 14 serving adult english language learners ells in. The way a child acquires the ability to speak her his mother tongue by the age of five, is one of the. Language learn ing is seen to be a process of habit formation. Virginia adult education wvadulted that addresses the needs of adult english language learners ells. Five creative methods of teaching english to tefl learners by larry m lynch. English teachers see it as fundamentally important to challenge these assumptions. Research methods as part of english language teacher education. New teaching methods for adults good practices manual this project has been funded with support from the european commission. For more information on the methods andapproaches refer to approaches and methods in language teaching by jack c. An approach to language teaching is something that reflects a certain model or research paradigm a theory, if you like. Have your travels given you insights into other cultures and the way they use language, possibly including english. Approaches and methods for foreign language teaching.
It enjoyed immense popularity because it overcame the two major defects of the grammartranslation method. A history of english language teaching second edition publisher. New approaches and methods offers detailed discussions on various aspects of elt. Teaching methods the term teaching method refers to the general principles, pedagogy and management strategies used for classroom instruction.
Manchi sarat babu assistant professor of english, dbs institute of technology, maddurupadu, kavali524202, nelloredt, andhrapradesh. Language teaching methodology and second language acquisition. With all the focus on reading and writing, sometimes. It is taskbased, and can be used as a selfaccess or training course manual. An experienced professional language teacher always adopts the principled eclecticism approach, deciding on the most suitable techniques and applying the most appropriate methodology for that learners specific objectives, learning style and context. Stage i comprehension in order to maximize opportunities for comprehension experiences. A p r howatt with h g widdowson despite the fact that i could obviously judge the topic of the book from the title, this history of tefl and tesol was in no way what i expected before i started reading it. A brief history of english language teaching in india m. Young people expect for the teaching methods to be changed and for the information to be presented in an interesting way. Teachers of english need to focus on the special teaching techniques.